Scientific name: Elaeis guineensis
Palm oil is an oil extracted from the fruit of the oil palm tree. The oil palm is grown in tropical and subtropical areas for its fruit. With over 35% of consumption for all uses combined, it is the most widely consumed oil in the world. The oil yield is ten times higher than that of soya, as 100 kg of fruit yields 22 kg of oil.
Palm oil is red or orange in color, due to its high concentration of carotenoids. It is recognised as being the richest oil in carotenoids and the second richest in vitamin E. It contains 15 times more than carrots. It is semi-solid due to its high concentration of olein, stearic and palmitic acids. It has a golden or transparent color when refined for use in food, cosmetics or soap. It is stable when cooked, has no odor or taste once deodorized, and helps to preserve the finished product.
Industrially, 70% of palm oil is used in the food industry, particularly in the manufacture of margarine, in biscuit/pastry production processes and in infant nutrition products. It is also used in oleochemistry (20%) for saponification in soap-making and as a moisturizing agent in cosmetics. Its affordable cost makes it the ideal ingredient for agrofuels (10%).
In 2021, with a production of 300,000 tonnes, and an estimated demand of 500,000 tonnes in 2021, Cameroon had a deficit of 150,000 tonnes of palm oil and imported 450,000 tonnes of palm oil.