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Scientific name: Arachis Hypogaea
Also known as peanut, pistachio or pine nut depending on the region, the groundnut is a legume grown in tropical, subtropical and temperate zones for its seeds. It is a superfood belonging to the oilseed category.
From a nutritional point of view, groundnuts are rich in nutrients and considered to be a superfood. It is rich in fiber, protein and fat. Its lipid content of almost 50g/100g makes it a fruit with a high energy and calorie content. Its record protein content of between 22% and 26% makes it a food with the same nutritional value as soya, meat and eggs for human and animal consumption.
Groundnut yields depend on the crop and the region. In sub-Saharan Africa, it is grown as a small-scale, non-irrigated food crop, producing around 500 kg of dried seeds per hectare. The dried fruit loses 60% of its weight after hulling and drying. A farmer who harvests 1.5 tonnes of groundnut pods ends up with one tonne after shelling and around 500 kg after drying.
Peanuts are mainly used for human consumption in the form of edible vegetable oil rich in oleic acid, or second-press oil for soap-making, butter for spreads, paste for sauces, flour for the production of pastries, and roasted seeds for aperitifs. Once the vegetable peanut oil has been extracted by cold or hot pressing, the remaining residue, known as peanut cake, is used for animal feed. Growing groundnuts enriches the soil with nitrogen, making it a green manure.
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